What You Will Learn!
- The students will get a wide picture of Organic Compounds.
- The students will learn about the Organic compounds found naturally in environment.
- The students will have a deep knowledge about the reaction parameters in Organic Compounds.
- The students will know about the importance of Organic Compounds like Methanoic Acid.
Description
Aldehydes and ketones are the compounds containing a carbonyl group,
>C=O, in which a carbon atom is linked to an oxygen atom by a double
bond. They have the same general formula CnH2nO.
The general structure of aldehydes is R-CHO and that of ketones is
R-COR′ where R and R′ may be same or different. Formaldehyde
represents the simplest aldehyde in which the carbonyl group is attached
to two hydrogen atom, i.e., R-CHO . Formaldehyde is exceptional in that
the carbonyl group carries two hydrogen atoms and no alkyl substituents.
It is, therefore, not surprising that it displays characteristic properties.
Both aldehydes & ketones contain carbonyl group as their functional group.
Structure of carbonyl group
Both aldehydes & ketones have carbonyl group as the functional group.
The carbonyl carbon is sp2 hybridized & it uses sp2 hybrid orbitals to form
3s bonds, one with oxygen atom & remaining 2 with two other atoms or
groups (R or H). All these 3s bonds lie in same plane at the angle of 120°.
The unhybridized p – orbital of carbonyl carbon form p- bond with oxygen
atom by sidewise overlapping with phalf filled p – orbital of oxygen atom.
Since carbon & oxygen have different values of electronegativity , the
bond between carbon &oxygen is polar. Infact electron density around the
oxygen atom is increased which causes the development of partial
positive charge (d+) on carbon & partial negative charge (d-) on oxygen.
Thus the carbonyl carbon is an electrophilic & carbonyl oxygen is
nucleophilic centre.
Who Should Attend!
- For the Beginners and students of twelfth standard.
