Chemistry - Hydrogen

18 Lessons | 2hr 48min | State Board , CBSE & ICSE | Competitive exams like IITJEE, NEET , CET & Foundation

Ratings 4.36 / 5.00

What You Will Learn!

Present informed opinions on the position of hydrogen in the periodic table.
Identify the modes of occurrence and preparation of dihydrogen on a small and commercial scale; describe isotopes of hydrogen
Explain how different elements combine with hydrogen to form ionic, molecular and nonstoichiometric compounds
Describe how an understanding of its properties can lead to the production of useful substances, and new technologies
Understand the structure of water and use the knowledge for explaining physical and chemical properties
Explain how environmental water quality depends on a variety of dissolved substances; difference between 'hard' and 'soft' water and learn about water softening
Acquire the knowledge about heavy water and its importance
Understand the structure of hydrogen peroxide, learn its preparatory methods and properties leading to the manufacture of useful chemicals and cleaning of envir
Understand and use certain terms e.g., electron-deficient, electronprecise, electron-rich, hydrogen economy, hydrogenation etc

Description

Description

Hydrogen has the simplest atomic structure among all the elements around us in Nature. In atomic form it consists of only one proton and one electron. However, in elemental form it exists as a diatomic (H2) molecule and is called dihydrogen. It forms more compounds than any other

element. Do you know that the global concern related to energy can be overcome to a great extent by the use of hydrogen as a source of energy? In fact, hydrogen is of great industrial importance as you will learn in this unit.

SUMMARY

Hydrogen is the lightest atom with only one electron. Loss of this electron results in an elementary particle, the proton. Thus, it is unique in character. It has three isotopes, namely : protium (1 1H), deuterium (D or 2 1H) and tritium (T or 3 1H). Amongst these three, only tritium is radioactive. Inspite of its resemblance both with alkali metals and halogens, it occupies a separate position in the periodic table because of its unique properties.

Hydrogen is the most abundant element in the universe. In the free state it is almost not found in the earth’s atmosphere. However, in the combined state, it is the third most abundant element on the earth’s surface.

Dihydrogen on the industrial scale is prepared by the water-gas shift reaction from petrochemicals. It is obtained as a byproduct by the electrolysis of brine.

Course Content