Early Interception and Management of Class II Malocclusion

Description

Since the early 20th century, removable functional appliances were considered a signifi-

cant part of orthodontic treatment. These appliances target the growth of the mandible and alter its posture to produce forces by stretching the muscles and soft tissues. This

brings out a change in the neuromuscular environment,  thereby leading to bone remodeling and growth modification. However, the amount of change produced by them is still controversial. Many studies have been conducted in the past to evaluate the effects of these appliances on the growth of the mandible. Animal studies have shown that these functional appliances increase the proliferation of cells within condylar cartilage and cause bone remodeling at

the anterior border of the glenoid fossa. However, the applicability of animal studies on humans is debatable due to the differences in the duration of growth, morphology, and physiology. In the past two decades, several clinical trials done on humans claim that functional appliance therapy

results in a small but significant increase in the growth of the mandible.  Literature has also shown that these appliances are most successful in cases with an overjet of up to 11 mm, increased overbite, active facial growth, and good cooperation. Some authors believe that these appliances increase the length of the mandible due to the growth of ramus, and others believe that they only cause repositioning of the teeth. In addition, to increase the length of the

mandible and incorporate change in the inclination of incisors, relocation of the condyle and increase in the vertical dimension to correct sagittal discrepancy should not be ignored as treatment effects.

In this course, you will learn to diagnose Class II malocclusion and able to identify and manage  different types of class II malocclusion with help of headgear and functional appliances specially twinblock appliance

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