Fundamentals of Chemical Engineering Thermodynamics ديناميكا

Description

Thermodynamics and its Applications

surroundings, and the energy conversation. Then the study of the laws of thermodynamics and thermodynamics properties and cycles. The student will be then taught how to use the principles of thermodynamics in determining the direction of a spontaneous process. And to use thermodynamics equations in describing a particular system. The student will be trained to plot and interpret phase diagrams and to study chemical equilibrium using the basic principles of thermodynamics. To introduce the main basic concepts in physical chemistry. To introduce the fundamental information about the gaseous state of matters and its laws. To learn the essential conceptions of thermochemistry and thermochemical To study the principles of chemical equilibrium. equations. Introduce the main information about the electrical conductance and the phenomena of electrolysis. To enable the students to have an idea about both the colloidal and the liquid states of matter. To plot and interpret phase diagrams. To study the laws of thermodynamics and its applications.

Basic Concepts of Thermodynamics

Every science has its own unique vocabulary associated with it. Precise definition of basic concepts forms a sound foundation for development of a science and prevents possible misunderstandings. Careful study of these concepts is essential for a good understanding of topics in thermodynamics.

Thermodynamics and Energy

Thermodynamics can be defined as the study of energy, energy transformations and its relation to matter. The analysis of thermal systems is achieved through the application of the governing conservation equations, namely Conservation of Mass, Conservation of Energy (1st law of thermodynamics), the 2nd law of thermodynamics and the property relations. Energy can be viewed as the ability to cause changes.

First law of thermodynamics: one of the most fundamental laws of nature is the conservation of energy principle. It simply states that during an interaction, energy can change from one form to another but the total amount of energy remains constant.

Second law of thermodynamics: energy has quality as well as quantity, and actual processes occur in the direction of decreasing quality of energy.

Whenever there is an interaction between energy and matter, thermodynamics is involved. Some examples include heating and air‐conditioning systems, refrigerators, water heaters, etc.

Dimensions and Units

Any physical quantity can be characterized by dimensions. The arbitrary magnitudes assigned to the dimensions are called units. There are two types of dimensions, primary or fundamental and secondary or derived dimensions.

Primary dimensions are: mass, m; length, L; time, t; temperature, T

Secondary dimensions are the ones that can be derived from primary dimensions such as: velocity (m/s2), pressure (Pa = kg/m.s2).

There are two unit systems currently available SI (International System) and USCS (United States Customary System) or English system. We, however, will use SI units exclusively in this course. The SI units are based on decimal relationship between units.

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