Given the wide array of topics covered under the SAP S/4 HANA 2021 Controlling module, providing a comprehensive, in-depth elaboration for each would be an expansive undertaking. However, I'll provide a high-level overview of the topics you've listed:
A). "Product Costing" scenarios:
1. Product Costing by Order (Make to Stock):
Calculating product costs for stock-based manufacturing, using production or process orders.
2. Product Costing by Sales Order (Make to Order):
Direct costs associated with specific sales orders are captured.
3. Product Costing with Sales Order Controlling:
For vaulted stock: Costs related to inventory kept under tight control or in a secure location.
For non-vaulted stock: Regular stock not kept under special control.
4. Product Costing by Period:
Periodic calculation of product costs.
5. Repetitive Manufacturing:
Without reporting points consideration: Focuses on continuous production.
With reporting points: Captures costs at specific points in the production process.
6. Decoupling Scenario:
Integration between production orders and product cost collectors.
7. Joint Production, Co-Product, and By-Product Costing:
Joint production: Multiple products from a single process.
Co-product: Main products with similar value.
By-product: Secondary products with lesser value.
8. Mixed Costing and Split Valuation:
Considering multiple methods or sources of production or procurement for a material.
9. Special Scenarios:
Sub-contracting, external operations, special procurement, and cross plants.
Additives estimation and different types of scrap costing.
B). "Material Ledger" scenarios:
1. Multiple Currencies and Valuations:
Recording transactions in company code currency, group currency, and others.
Different valuations for legal, group, and profit center purposes.
2. Transfer Pricing:
Price determination for inter-company or intra-company transfers.
3. Revaluation of Consumption:
Adjusting consumption values based on actual costs.
4. Material Ledger and Actual Costing:
The material ledger captures all material movements and valuation changes.
CKM3 provides an analysis of material prices.
C). "Margin Analysis":
1. Account-Based COPA:
In S/4 HANA, COPA integrates seamlessly with the universal journal. This covers value flows and margin analysis.
2. Cost of Goods Sold (COGS) and Price Difference Split:
Differentiating COGS components and capturing price variances.
3. Predictive Accounting:
Capturing potential future financial transactions based on preliminary documents.
4. Real-Time COPA/Margin Analysis:
Real-time profitability analysis without waiting for periodic settlement.
5. Attributed Profitability:
Capturing profitability elements without specific profitability segments.
6. COPA Realignment and Assessment:
Adjusting and redistributing COPA values.
Each topic here is extensive and carries its own processes, configurations, and integration points. It would be essential to dive into each topic individually for a thorough understanding.